Saturday, November 30, 2019

the mormons Essays - Latter Day Saint Movement, Christian Movements

The Mormons I have learned an array of things from watching these videos about Mormonism. I learned a great deal about joseph smith and who he was along with the importance he brings to Mormonism. I was unaware of his very first vison. Joseph was 14 years old and he only shared his vision within the confines of family and only choose to tell his parents what he sa w. I later than realized that his vison was changed three timed and each time it was more elaborate. His third vison was the one that made it into the Book of Mormon. I find Mormonism extremely interesting because there is a number of differences and additions added to the bible and advertised as Mormonism. Mormons would devote their lives to following Joseph Smith. These families would relocate and do anything according to Joseph Smith . While I watched these videos, the term "Mountain massacre" was mentioned so I decided to do some research on this tragedy. The historian Geoffrey Ward has called this tragedy the "the most hideous example of the human cost exacted by religious fanaticism in American history until 9/11.'' Although it might not be a major tourist destination, for a century and a half the massacre at Mountain Meadows has been the main debate among Mormons and the people of Utah. In Sept. 1857, in southwestern Utah, a local militia of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormons, attacked a wagon train of Arkansas families headed for California. After five days , the militia persuaded the families to surrender under a flag of truce and a pledge of safe passage. Then, approximately 140 men, women and children were slaughtered and killed right then and there. Now, 146 years later, the descendants and the victims of relatives have been asking for an apology from the Mormon church. The fact of the matter is that these individuals " Believ ed they were doing God's work in ridding the world of ''infidels ". These evangelical Mormon committed one of the greatest civilian atrocities on American soil. Without a sustained attempt at accountability and atonement, the church will not escape the hovering shadow of that horrible crime " ( New York Times). Polygamy is something I was more than aware of with the Mormon religion, but I learned so much more about why It started and it "religious" intentions behind i t . Many would argue it was started by Joseph Smith out of convenience for his own personal sexual behavior, so that it would not be condemned by G od . Many argued that Joseph Smith was told by God that it was acceptable because men like Abraham in the bible practiced polygamy. Many that choose to not engage in this act of polygamy were forced to accept it or not become members of the church. P olygamy was finally addressed and enforced and was defined as illegal. For me, It was extremely hard to understand why so many people followed Joseph Smith, and then when he was murdered to continue on and then follow others like Brigham Young. In Comparison, Mormonism does not a line with Christianity . First as Christians, we believe that Christ died on the cross for our salvation, this is not a belief of the Mormon faith. Mormon ideology does not follow the belief of the Trinity, as we do. Mormon's believe God the Father, His son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost are three different people. We as Christian s read the bible and as the word and truth of God, Mormons have other books that they believe in, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price. Modern Mormons regard God as plural. The belief of salvation is very different then the Christianity belief. Mormons believe they can achieve to become a God which is called " exaltation " . This is not a practice in any other form of Christian beliefs. Mormonism has me question so many things and it is so hard for me to wrap my head around their belief system. There additions do the bible is the reason why they believe that

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

The Red Planet essays

The Red Planet essays Mars, otherwise known as the red planet, is approximately 227,940,000 km from the sun (Arnett 2000). It has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are believed to have been asteroids captured by the planets gravity (Sheehan 220). Mars is the 4th closest planet to the sun and it is the only other planet besides earth that at this time scientists believe could be inhabited by human life. Mars is in many ways like Earth. It has polar ice caps and is on almost the same tilted axis as earth. The similarity between the axis of Earth and Mars allow them to have similar seasons. There have been many unmanned space travel missions to Mars that have sent pictures, video, and information about the planet back to earth. An example would be the Surveyor 98 and the Mars Pathfinder (Exploring 2000). The future of exploration includes many more unmanned missions such as the Mars 2003 Rover Mission and 2001 Mars Odyssey. Mars is approximately 228,000,000 km from the Sun and is the first planet outside of Earths orbit. It has a diameter is 6,794 km which is about one half of the diameter of Earth but is still the 7th largest planet in our solar system (Arnett 2000). Even though Mars is smaller than Earth in size, the land surface area of the two planets is about the same. The gravity on Mars is much less than that of the Earth. Gravity on Mars is approximately two fifths of the gravity on Earth (Raeburn 128). The orbit of Mars is much like the orbit of Earth. Both are slightly tilted at nearly the same angle and direction. This tilt gives Mars four seasons similar to Earths. However, because a Martian year is about twice as long as an Earth year, each Martian season is also twice as long (Raeburn 415). It takes 687 days for Mars to rotate completely around the Sun. Because Mars is much further from the sun than Earth, temperatures on Mars are colder. The average temperature o...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Brazilian Democratic Transition And Consolidation

Brazilian Democratic Transition And Consolidation Brazil, which is the largest country in South America and fifth largest country in the world, is also a political and economic leader in its continent. However, among the many nascent Latin American democracies, Brazil’s road to democracy was the most challenging (Linz and Stepan, 1996, p 166). Its democratization (1974-89) followed a cyclical pattern which alternated back and forth between quasi-democratic and authoritarian systems (Huntington, 1991, p 41). After a brief period of electoral democracy in the 1930s, military coups took control of the nation. The next three decades witnessed Brazil’s long authoritarian rule that was governed by a series of stable but harsh dictatorial regimes. In the 20th century, Brazil embarked on the path to electoral democracy, which was led by Vargas, the elected President. However, his rule plagued Brazil with several rebellions caused by military officers, the spread of communism across the country, and brutal tortures by governme nt agents. Thus, the short period of democracy ended and Vargas established a populist dictatorship. In 1945, military coup supported by the Brazilian oligarchy finally overthrew the ineffective and harsh leader. Brazil then plunged into a long authoritarian rule from 1964 to 1985, in which the military government held power and democratized Brazil through five major stages (Codato, 2006). It was this period of uncertainty and unrest caused by violent prolonged military dictatorship that created the climate for political compromise and democratic obligation. Causes for the breakdown of authoritarianism such as splits in the military led to the demand for re-democratization in Brazil. Democratization finally occurred in 1974 and coincided with the ‘Third Wave’ of democracy. One will be surprised and wonder how Brazil’s long period of authoritarianism under the reign of three capable leaders, Branco, Silva, and Medici’s leadership sparked a possible shift to a democracy. What factors pressured each successive military leader to concede to democratization? After a long military dictatorship, what caused the next administration, Geisel, to democratize Brazil? Finally, to what extent has democracy been consolidated? This paper will attempt to answer the above questions. I will first give a contextual knowledge about Brazil’s political transition which occurred in five stages, over the span of thirty years. Next, I will explain the reasons that caused the breakdown of authoritarianism in Brazil. Finally, I will evaluate the extent to which democracy in Brazil is consolidated based on its obstacles and threats, and suggest ways in which the democracy can be stabilized. History of Brazil’s Political Transition Establishing military dictatorship The first stage of Brazil’s political transition corresponds to the Castello Branco and Costa e Silva administrations (March, 1964 – December, 1968). The military ceased it s leadership in 1961 when vice president Joà £o Goulart resigned from presidency. He resigned with hopes of being reinstated again by popular demand, but was denied by the military’s fear of him being a communist. Following his resignation, the regime encountered difficulties in finding a new leader as no civilian politician was suitable for the existing revolutionary factions in governance. After fifteen days, Branco became the new president and managed to reform the political-economic system (Hudson, 1997). Being anti-Goulart and disapproving of his ruling methods, Branco rejected the extension of his presidency beyond Goulart’s term, or the institutionalization of the military’s power.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 87

Assignment Example Furthermore, the article centralized on the prediction that students who have fewer misconceptions at the beginning of the course are likely to have higher course grades than those students who held more misconceptions. The total population of the study includes 178 undergraduates who were taking introductory psychology classes from 2001 to 2005. Using cluster sampling, 23 samples were derived from a large urban university located in the southwestern U.S., 40 samples from small, private, liberal arts college located in the southwestern U.S., and 115 samples from small, private, liberal arts college located in the northeastern U.S. (Kuhle, Barber & Bristol, 2009, 120). Classes have an average composition of 16.3 students, ranging from 4-26 members. The demographic profiles of the l of classes were not assessed but all of the samples were given similar instructors and class format. Upon analysis of the information from different classes, statistical tests reflect a one-tailed with an alpha level of .05. Majority of the students (83%) held 5 or more misconceptions out of 10 and have lower grades than those students who held few misconceptions; 88% of which came from small southwestern college. In addition, the correlations between KOPT scores and class grades have resulted in five correlations with statistical significance; thus, KOPT scores is a significant predictor of students’ performance with considerable predictive validity in anticipating underperforming students. The title of the article has clarity and indicates clearly the key variables and the study population. Abstract is presented in a short but understandable content. With regards to introduction, the problem is easy to identify and relates to a number of previous researches or studies done. Although one can’t find a conceptual paradigm in the article, there is a relationship and a hypothesis that can be derived from the introduction of the

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Live Music Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Live Music Event - Essay Example A survey was conducted to determine the target audience and also the most appropriate music category. The youths and women form the bulk of live music audient at 50% and 77.3% respectively. The event organizers used four promotional approaches; Facebook, posters, flyers and promotional videos. The financial objective was achieved, because the event achieved a profit of $142. The 229 Venue was established in 1965 at the International Students House. The facility was refurbished in 2007, and presently it has superior music equipment and systems. They key players during the event were; the audience, performers, and the event organizers. The event was guided by legal considerations, because all the parties adhered to the conditions set by the booking form. The promotional and organizational activities were successfully conducted based on a time schedule, from January 2, 1015 to February 12, 2015. The event was generally successful. The report discusses an urban even. The event was conducted at the 229 venue, located along the Great Portland Street in London. The music event took place on February 13, 2015, between 8pm and 11pm. The theme and title for the event were referred to as "Fresh out of Urban." The theme was very effective in illustrating the urban environment that influenced the acts (Lebrecht 2009). The event also resonated adequately with the London youths, who were the key target audience for the show. The events management team conducted a research survey, with the aim of identifying the entertainment market needs. The survey provided adequate information, which was successfully utilized during the event and artist management. The urban music genre was found to be very attractive to the mostly youthful population in London. Eight acts expressed interest to perform during the â€Å"Fresh out of Urban† event. However, only six managed to perform. The music acts that performed are; Pedro, Nata lie May, Tosin and Temi, JDX, Cazz Bang, Sizel

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Political Events and Shipping Demand Essay Example for Free

Political Events and Shipping Demand Essay Introduction Modern shipping is the life-blood of the world; without it, much of the demand for imports and exports would not be met. In 2006, world seaborne trade was estimated to have reached 30,686 billion ton-miles, having grown by 5. 5% over the previous year. Despite the prevalence of air transport, up to 90% of world trade is carried over the oceans in humble ships. The demand for seaborne trade is driven primarily by the world economy; various industries produce the goods that need to reach different parts of the world. In its most recent World Economic Outlook , the International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasted global growth of 3. per cent for the rest of 2008, lower by 0. 2 per cent from the previous month’s estimate. In spite of the dip, the world economy is still growing annually, led by the emerging markets that are hungry for resources to fuel their growth. Beyond the economy, there are several other factors that determine demand for shipping. This paper seeks to evaluate the role of political events and its impact. In addition, it seeks to look into which commodity is most affected by such incidents. In his book, Maritime Economics, Martin Stopford writes that ‘no discussion of sea transport demand would be complete without reference to the impact of politics’. In the following paragraphs, this paper will address the main types of events that affect shipping demand both positively and adversely. 2. 0Political events that have affected shipping demand the most 2. 1Opening-up of the Chinese economy The accession of China into the ranks of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Beijing winning the bid to host the Olympics in 2001 were events that had large political motivations and caused a tremendous rise in demand for shipping. Since then, China’s economy has seen astronomical growth. In order to fuel this development, the country has increased both its imports and exports in almost every industry. This has taken the world by storm as countries the world over compete to feed and fuel the world’s most populous country. Hence, seaborne trade and demand for shipping worldwide has been skyrocketing as a result of China’s booming economy. 2. 2War and the economic embargoes Conversely, war and economic embargoes and sanctions are the leading cause of a drop in maritime activity. In broad terms, the hostilities in the Middle-East region have led to disruptions in movements of oil shipments to the developed world. In the 1950s, the Suez Crisis between Britain, France and Israel against Egypt, led to the diversion of ships around the Cape of Good Hope to avoid the tensions. Two decades later on 17 October 1973, the ongoing Yam Kippur War caused the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries to stop shipping oil to nations that supported Israel’s war efforts. The impact of this embargo on shipping was the collapse of the oil tanker market and led to a series of recessions and periods of high inflation that persisted until the 1980s. Other examples would include the Korean War in 1950 and the Gulf War in the early 1990s. . 0Commodities affected Crude oil accounted for 26. 9 per cent of total goods loaded in 2006. Due to the sheer quantity of oil being shipped worldwide, any political event jeopardizing seaborne trade would usually entail oil shipments being affected. This is because the resource is abundant in only certain parts of the world; the Middle-East is one such region that is plagued with rogue political regimes and instability. In the above-mentioned events in the region, the hostilities resulted in disruptions to the oil trade and consequently, oil price. This would be discussed in the section on Iran. Another sector that would be affected would be the metal industry trades and in particular, that of iron ore. Western Australia and Brazil are major exporters of iron ore to growing markets like China which need it for its continued development. 4. 0Opening of China’s economy Since the 1970s, China has been gradually introducing economic reforms and providing enterprises with autonomy. However, it was only in the last 2 decades that the world’s 2nd largest economy has opened itself up to greater foreign investment and world trade. This was carried out through the relaxation of import and export controls and trade reforms in the form of reduced tariffs. All this led to a significant milestone for China and the world – its ascension into the ranks of the WTO on 11 December 2001. In addition, Beijing won the bid to host the 2008 Olympics that same year. These 2 events have set the stage for China’s rapid development. In the following paragraphs, this paper will explain its effects on the world and global trade and shipping. Based on a working paper by the IMF written in 2004, the international impact of China’s ascension into the WTO is far reaching. Firstly, sustaining the growth of China would provide benefits to its trading partners; beyond the processing of trade, there has been significant growth in imports for domestic use and outbound tourism. Secondly, China’s insatiable thirst for energy and metal imports have since fuelled the rapid rise in imports of such commodities. Lastly, multinational companies are tapping into the large domestic market especially with the freeing up of the country’s banking sector. This paper believes that China’s meteoric rise over the last two decades and more significantly, since the dawn of the new millennia, have created a surge in demand for world seaborne trade and shipping. 4. 1China’s role in transforming Western Australia and beyond As a result of China’s booming steel industry, Australian exports of iron ore to China reached more than A$4 billion last year. BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto, two of the world’s largest resource companies, share the metal-rich Pilbara of Western Australia to feed China’s demand. The latter is hoping to double its 2007 iron-ore production in four years. This mining boom in the traditionally ‘sleepy’ side of Australia spells good news for its economy and residents. In an interview with the Economist , Eric Ripper, finance minister of Western Australia, said that his state has been fighting to bring in a A$9 million surplus seven years ago. Last year, the country’s largest state (by land area) grew by 6. 3%, twice that of the entire country. In addition, it now boasts a healthy surplus of A$2 billion. Besides iron ore, China has a tremendous hunger for other natural resources. All across the world, Chinese firms are finding new sources for crude oil, natural gas, metal and coal. Ships have been queuing off Newcastle in Australia to load cargo bound for China; at one point in June 2007, the queue was 79 ships long . In short, the rise in import demand by the Mainland has helped countries in Latin America and Africa grow their own economy. Another country that has seen business grow is the shipping giant of Greece. 60 per cent of China’s imports of raw materials and energy are carried on the backs of Greek ships. Greek ship owners want to capitalize and many have made orders to build ships in China which has caused the order books of the large manufacturers to bulge and many smaller players to join in the fray. . 2China’s effect on shipping demand In terms of shipping, China is a force to be reckoned with. Just 2 years after joining the WTO, China handled 48 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) in 2003, an increase of 11 million TEUs the year before. This made the country the largest container shipping market for the first time with both Sh anghai and Shenzhen joining the mega-port league of over 10 million TEUs throughputs . On two of the most important container trades from Asia to North America and Europe, mainland China and Hong Kong corner 60 per cent of the market share. More recently, with an increasing portion of China’s imports of oil products coming from Latin America and West Africa, ton-miles demanded associated with this trade has increased. Referring back to the example of Australian iron ore, China’s high volumes mean that Chinese companies are sourcing for metals from further abroad such as Brazil. In addition, China has always been a net exporter of coal. However, in the last few years, China has become a net importer; this forces its neighbors to source for coal from further afield. All these factors serve to increase ton-miles demanded. It is important to note that though ton-miles demanded may increase, actual volume may remain unchanged. 5. 0Iran and the Strait of Hormuz The on-going tension between Israel, the United States of America (USA) and Iran over its suspected nuclear-weapons programme has brought about fluctuations in oil prices in recent times. Several factors have made this all the more pressing in the last few months. These include a weakening Bush administration, Iran’s continued uranium-enrichment programme, a lackluster Western diplomatic approach to handling the situation and Israel’s jitters have raised the idea of a possible war in the Middle-East. In retaliation to suggestions of a military strike, Iran has threatened to cut oil exports and close the Strait of Hormuz . This strait’s importance lies in that it is the only viable path for much of the oil from the gulf to reach the rest of the world. By comparison, the Suez and Panama Canals are passages that have alternative albeit costlier, routes. A horseshoe-shaped body of water that stretches between Iran and the northern tip of Oman, the Strait is the only passage in and out of the Gulf. Every day, around 50 tankers carry between 4 million and 17 million barrels of oil and oil products through the 180km-long strait roughly 40 per cent of the worlds internationally traded supplies . If Iran were able to close this waterway by use of anti-ship missiles, only 3 million barrels would be able to be diverted via the Red Sea. Thus, oil and oil product shipment would be greatly hit worldwide. In addition to oil, Jebel Ali, a port-town in the United Arab Emirates, handles ab out half of all maritime trade between Europe and Asia. Currently, it is the largest port between Rotterdam and Singapore. Large portions of what enters some of these free zones in the gulf are transshipped to other parts of the world. Experts who have monitored the Suez Crisis in the 1950s and how it led to the Six-Day War understand that such an action from Iran would result in the Middle-East suffering economically. On a larger scale, the world would be faced with supply cuts in almost all goods. 6. 0Maritime terrorism Another threat to the maritime industry is terrorism at sea. Terrorism is broadly defined as attacks to create fear and often have an underlying belief that the terrorists want to spread. Since the world-changing September 11th attacks on the United States of America in 2001, many other acts of violence have been carried out with ships as targets. An example would be the infamous Al-Qaeda attack on the French oil tanker, the Limburg, in Yemen in 2002. Such attacks create not only a sense of uncertainty in the shipping industry, but have raised the costs of shipping as well. In the case of the Limburg, the insurance payout reached US$70 million . This example highlights the trend of insurance companies charging higher insurance premiums to shipping companies whose ships sail through more ‘dangerous’ waters. As a result, shipping cost has risen over the years and this has led to a dip in demand. Amongst the main trunk routes that ships often ply, the greatest number of such incidents happens in the South China Sea and the Straits of Malacca. These acts of terror also do not differentiate between the types of ships they target; almost everything from boats to tankers has been looted for their cargo and entire ships stolen. This paper would like to caution that the distinction between maritime terrorism and piracy is blurring. 7. 0Conclusion This paper has looked at examples of how political events have caused a stir in the maritime world. This is largely a result of the correlation between world trade, shipping and movement of commodities. Such incidents can spark both a decrease as well as an increase in demand for shipping. In the case of China’s reforms towards a more open economy, trade between this country and the rest of the world has increased dramatically. This has spurred the shipping industry not just in terms of seaborne trade but in other forms such as ports and shipbuilding. Beyond its shores, it has helped to lift the economies of countries that enjoy a high level of trade with China. On the other hand, the tensions in the Middle-East have brought about uncertainty throughout the world over oil prices and world trade. The strategic position of the most hostile nations in the region has given them leverage over the Western world in terms of threats to block the major waterway, the Strait of Hormuz. Lastly, the concerns over maritime safety and rising insurance costs to cover ships and their owners have caused a dip in demand for shipping. This is because of the higher costs now associated with shipping; it is intuitive yet unfortunate that the world’s major shipping routes are also the most dangerous.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

George Lucas :: essays research papers

George Lucas THX 1138, American Graffiti, Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back†¦the list goes on and on. Although many have not heard of each of these films, everyone certainly has to know the man behind them. George Lucas has, in many cases, written, produced, and directed, not to mention edit, his own films. His vision was the driving force that imagined and created these movies. All have made back the cost of the film and most have received millions of dollars in profit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although it sounds as if he had an easy life, in reality, Lucas had to struggle in order to get ahead. Not being interested or involved in school, Lucas turned his attention to cars. When he reached driving age, his father gave him a nice, small, â€Å"safe† car. However, passionate about cars and racing, Lucas revved up his engine and turned it into a hot rod. Each day following, he went cruising around town, drag racing often. However, this passion led him to a drastic change in his life. It ultimately led him to success.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lucas was in a car crash in 1962, which ended his racing career before it even started. He missed his graduation ceremony at his high school, but joked that the only reason he got a diploma was because his teachers felt sorry for him. As a result, Lucas looked for other options to fill his void in life. Since his grades were not good enough for a four-year college, he decided to go to junior college. For the first time in his life, he hit the books. He fell asleep trying to earn the highest grades he could in order to have a future for himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During junior college, Lucas formed other interests. Instead of racing, he filmed them on an 8-millimeter camera his father gave him. An old friend, John Plummer, told George that he should apply to the University of Southern California. His friend remarked that it was not that hard to get into as reputation indicated. Lucas applied, and was accepted, for his junior year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the idea was unpopular with his father, Lucas was not stopped in pursing his career. At school, he realized that he had to work his but off to stay on top. He did not mind the hard work. Lucas actually felt relaxed staying up all night editing film. Even when a lot of college students got high on drugs, â€Å"Lucas got high on films (1, 45).

Monday, November 11, 2019

Communicating with Children Essay

‘Communication is fundamental to development’ (Crow et al, 2008, p. 11). This essay will therefore critically discuss how certain factors can affect communication and how practitioners may be able to overcome these barriers in their daily practice. It will begin with a definition of communication, and then state some of the different ways we communicate on a daily basis. It will move on to explain the importance of these interactions, and illuminate how cultural, social, environmental and emotional factors can create barriers and affect communication with children. Finally, it will consider ways practitioners can become better at communicating with the children they work with. The word ‘communication’ basically means ‘to share’ and its desired outcome is understanding. It is a part of our basic drive to form relationships and is based on ‘theoretical knowledge, cultural understanding and experience’ (Crow et al, 2008, p. 7). It involves an ‘interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information’ (www. efinitions. net/definition/communication) which are transmitted through body language, ‘touch, listening, tone of voice, gesture, playing, observing, reassuring, explaining [†¦] and reflecting’ (Crow et al, 2008, p. 7). Effective communication can be beneficial to children and their welfare as it allows them to gain an identity, develop psychologically and intellectually, form and sustain social relationships, and express themselves emotionally. However, transmission channels between adults and children are not always straightforward, resulting in barriers to their communication skills which can cause ‘confusion, discriminat[ion], alienat[ion], [†¦] or create problems’ (Crow et al, 2008, p. 7). One such barrier is seen due to cultural differences. Through efficient communication, children learn the social rules of non-verbal communication, which includes body language and gestures. Learning these social rules are essential in order to communicate competently, however, communication is socially constructed, and body language and gestures therefore bear different meanings between and within cultures. The differences within sub-cultures are due to ‘language acquisition, linguistic differences or [a]different mother tongue’ (Crow et al, 2008, p. 30). It is also not uncommon for children to develop their own language and signs through the use of modern technology. This, on the one hand, is a positive aspect of communication, as developing bilingually can lead to future success, and technology allows for innovation and promotes relationships, but, not all children are as resilient as each other, and learning two languages at once, be that spoken or sign language, can confuse them a great deal. New forms of communication can also be confusing for practitioners with little experience of modern technology, which can lead to a reluctance to communicate and socialise, especially between generations. Cultural differences can therefore ‘inhibit as well as influence communication’ (Crow et al,2008, p. 0) with children. Socialisation is of great importance for communication with children. Gerhardt (2004, cited in Crow et a. , 2008, p. 11) claims that it should start from birth because ‘communication between carer and baby plays a key role in the development of the infant’s brain’. These first dydadic relationships and further experiences of socialisation contribute crucially towards a child’s communication progress as they allow for empathic responses, interpretation of non-verbal communication and the understanding of emotions at a later stage. Children who are not communicated with as babies are reported to suffer restricted brain growth and global delay (Crow et al, 2008, p. 12) due to deprivation of social contact and care. This can create a barrier to their acquisition of language. Be that as it may, not all children experience dydadic relationships, and they still learn to communicate. Hart and Risley’s (1995, cited in Crow et al, 2008, p. 12) observational study of communication amongst families suggests that the rate of language acquisition depends on socio-economic status, and that the richer the family, the richer the vocabulary. The nature/nurture debate therefore seems at large here in that babies may have an innate predisposition to learn spoken language but that it is their experience of communication and articulation with key members in their environment that shapes / hinders their capacity to learn. A positive environment can therefore promote communication with children; however, a child’s environment can also be of hindrance in numerous other ways. Children with sensory sensitivities, especially those diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), can face profound barriers which could affect their communication. This is due to difficulty processing everyday sensory information in colourful/lively so called child friendly classrooms. These children, by not being able to cope with all the information surrounding them are likely to become anxious, stressed, cross, or even feel physical pain which can result in challenging behaviour due to their failure to communicate their emotions. There is a clear physiological explanation for this behaviour in that the ‘perception of threat causes the release of the hormones cortisol and adrenalin which block cognitive and memory processes and trigger the fight, flight or freeze reaction’ (Crow et al, 2008, p. 4). It is not only the communication of children diagnosed with ASD that are affected by emotions though. Children who have experienced neglect, abuse or who are being bullied can all suffer in silence. Furthermore, the emotions of practitioners themselves can have an impact on communication with children. If practitioners are angry, sad or not feeling themselves, their emotions and means of logical thinking can become impaired. Practitioners therefore need to find better ways of communicating with children, especially those who face particular barriers on a daily basis. A starting point would be to acclimatise themselves with what ‘studies of communication skills and processes have suggested [†¦] vital to model in work with children’ (Crow et a. , 2008, p. 22), namely expressive skills, listening skills and process skills. Expressive skills are vital to convey messages to others so that they understand what is being communicated. These skills involve facial expressions and body language. Listening skills involve the total opposite to expressive skills, and requires the listener to obtain and understand the messages and information conveyed by the other person. Both these sets of skills are important as they allow the practitioner to understand how they come across to others and to read emotions. Process skills are needed to manage communication, and they essentially help the practitioner to make appropriate choices, retrieve information/ knowledge or collect necessary tools in an orderly manner in order to interact with a child. Practitioners need to be very aware of their expressive skills and distinctive use of language, especially in light of cultural diversity. As Valerie Daniel (The Open University, 2013 a) stated, ‘body language says a lot’, and alongside gesture, it bears distinct meanings between cultures. Eye contact is one significant area of concern. It is one of the most forthright modes of communication, and where and how you look at someone can alter the interaction. Staring at someone you are communicating with can cause that person to feel uneasy, yet it is important to look at him/her in order to show that you are paying attention. Some cultures however discourage eye contact all together, and claim it is a form of rudeness. Particular use of language can also cause distinctions between children, for example one black pupil commented that ‘around the school when it’s white boys it’s a group but when it’s black boys it’s a gang and I think it’s wrong’(London Department Agency, 2004 cited in Crow et al, 2008, p. 16). It is important therefore that practitioners take care in their use of language as what people hear influences their perception (Kay and Kempton, 1984, cited in Crow et al, 2008, p. 5), and perceptions and understanding shape’s the experience of other’s. Practitioners therefore should use their process skills to gain cultural knowledge in order to be aware of the different implications of expressions and language before judging the actions of a child, as judgments are always based on personal experience. In doing so they can develop a rapport based on respect, and open up communication pathways so that children can ‘develop their own communication skills and [†¦] understanding of their society and culture’ (Crow et a. , 2008, p. 1) As communication methods develop, experience indicates that practitioners need to prioritise ways of communicating their services through modern technology. According to Turner (2003, cited in Crow et al, 2008, p. 11), one attribute children saw in an inadequate practitioner was that they are not interested. It is therefore important for practitioners to engage as much as possible with children and young people’s interests in order to get them to participate and communicate openly, rather than become introvert due to frustration over lack of understanding. Some may argue that ‘information technology is damaging children’s ability to communicate articulately and effectively’ (Crow et al. , 2008, p. 38). Nonetheless, as Vikki Butler (The Open University, 2013, b) suggests, ‘no one wants to participate in something that’s not relevant to them’, and in today’s technological age, it is modern technology that is embedded in children’s lifeworlds. Despite lack of training opportunities and funding, practitioners need to find a way of familiarising themselves with children’s culture. Children in turn will learn to respect practitioners for their interest and for not dismissing their innovative skills (Crow et al, 2008, p. 38), allowing communication and socialisation through the formation of collaborations. Providing opportunities for socialisation through group interactions could further develop practitioners’ communication with the children they work with as it allows the chance to ask open ended questions, which demand reactions longer than single word answers. Practitioners must not however ask too many questions in their quest to extend learning, as children tend to become wary and refuse to open up. Practitioners must also make use of their listening skills by listening to the child’s intent as well as content, not interrupting them and reflecting empathetically on their answers in order to show the child that they are interested in what they have to say. A group interaction such as circle time is a good method to improve both children’s and practitioner’s communication. It must be based on interests though because when ‘children are interested in what they do, [†¦ ] you will be surprised at what they achieve’ (Valerie Daniel, The Open University, 2013, a). Ground rules of considerate communication must be set however, and these could be negotiated together as a group, but in the long run could result in helping children with their concentration, taking turns to speak, thinking before expressing their thoughts and listening to each other, essential skills of communication for all, especially those who missed out on being spoken to as babies. Practitioners can also provide younger children the chance to communicate and socialise through play. Play allows the practitioner a myriad of opportunities to gain knowledge regarding a child’s understanding of the world (Crow et al, 2008, p. 33). It also allows time to observe how a child feels at any given time. Further experience indicates that by providing toys such as puppets, toy animals or dressing up clothes, the practitioner provides the child with a means of expression in a safe environment, allowing him/her to detach themselves from an emotional situation. This can also be seen on the DVD material, (The Open University, 2013, b) where the child, an elective mute, used karaoke machines and puppets as a medium of communication. Ensuring safe havens would therefore promote practitioners communication methods with children who place importance on feeling safe. Children often suggest that practitioners could provide security by recognizing bullying as a real problem among pupils (The Open University, 2013, b). Practitioners could therefore prioritise emotional literacy by providing ways of expressing emotions such as placing bully boxes in classrooms. Ensuring equal opportunities between boys and girls would see the practitioner as being fair, which is an important issue during childhood. They could also ensure that every child feels valued at the setting by simply being friendly or by showing care and support for them. This could be done by a simple hand on the shoulder or reciprocating spontaneous hugs (The Open University, 2013, a), however practitioners, especially males, need to be aware of policies and the implications of touch, as contact can be misinterpreted. Actions must therefore always be above any criticism. Nonetheless, allowing a means of safety and ensuring a place where a child feels content can inhibit frustrations and improve a child’s self-esteem. This can only lead to better communication channels with practitioners. Cultural, social, environmental and emotional factors can therefore create barriers and affect children’s communication. Still, as communication is a social construct, the extent to which it is inhibited depends on time and place. Practitioners, through knowledge of vital skills can alleviate these barriers in order to assist children suppress their frustrations and emotions, and develop their communication skills along the way. Simultaneously, practitioners gain an insight into the way they are perceived, allowing them to reflect and become better communicators with the children with whom they work. As already stated therefore, ‘communication is vital for development’ (Crow et al, 2008, p. 11), however it is now clear that it has been, presently is, and will be equally vital to the progress of both children and practitioners in the future.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Firecracker Should Be Banned in the Philippines Essay

Introduction With our technology today we can substitute some firecrackers while celebrating New Years Eve. The aim of this project was to help the students be more curious about the situation surrounding them. This report is hoping that the government can make a wise decision about this problem to help reduce pollutions.   This can make change for a better world and a good place for our sons and grandsons. Hoping this research can help every question of the students. Finally this research was conduct to make a contribution for the next generations. Acknowledgement I’ am Joris Magno would like to thank the persons who help me to finish this research. I would like to express my gratitude to all the students who answered my survey’s the possibility to complete this research. I’am in deeply indebted to my teachers who help me to give some ideas about my topic and some advice that they give, my English teacher who have shared her wisdom with us to make a research paper. I’m thankful to my mother that she has been supporting me from my projects and research, to giving me help from any financial support, and my inspirations to finish up this work. And all of that I’ am thankful to our Dear GOD Who always there to help in every time. The Problem Its Background Firecracker is one of the no. 1 issues of our country that firecracker should be banned, According to the (DOH) Department of Health that one of the most significant cause of death in our country while celebrating New Years eve is accidents on using firecrackers, Wild Fire cause by a firecrackers, and firework related injuries and many more. In that case we are facing a very big problem about firecrackers and this is why I’ am willing to have a research with this kind of topic. Did you know that the our country is one of the most pollutant City in celebrating New year that’s why our government was alarm about this study. Many bad effects can harm our body that is caused by a firecracker and we are one of those citizens affect most, because we live here in a urban city (NCR) and me too is alarm that this bad effects can kill us. According to my research that every students of MPNAG was aware of the bad effect of fireworks in our health and 96 over 100 was agree that firecracker should be banned in our country. Last January 1, 2013 across our country about 412 revelers were injured, down by 17 percent compared to the same period last year, according to the DoH. There were at least 18 cases of indiscriminate firing reported by the DoH, according to Valte. Importance of the Problem It has already become boring how year after year we have been harping about the fires, deaths and injuries caused by illegal explosions of poorly manufactured firecrackers. And how all of these can be avoided if authorities had been stricter in enforcing the law on firecrackers. This study is very important to answer all the questions of every individual who is curious about banning of firecrackers. It is said that our country is one of the top 20 countries that celebrating New Years eve who uses up Firecrackers and that is why our DoH was conducting a â€Å"Iwas Paputok† program that can help to reduce up the smog after the eve. Our students in MPNAG was also agree that firecrackers should be banned already because it can harm people and can cause a large damage of infrastructure that is cause by a wild fire. The firecracker ban, effective since 1966, has been observed more on the breach. Welcoming the New Year with a big bang is too ingrained a tradition to change. In fact, a quiet New Year’s Eve is unthinkable. I doubt if the Department of Health’s call for Congress to legislate a full ban will fly. This research is a benefit for the citizens of our country, this includes young people and for adults, I made done this research to inform and persuade the people to stop using firecracker to lessen the pollutants we have done. Definition of Terms Firecracker – A firecracker (also known as a cracker, noise maker, banger or bunger) is a small explosive device primarily designed to produce a large amount of noise, especially in the form of a loud bang; any visual effect is incidental to this goal. They have fuses, and are wrapped in a heavy paper casing to contain the explosive compound. Firecrackers along with fireworks, originated in China. Fireworks- are a class of explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and culture, and religious purposes. The most common use of a firework is as part of a fireworks display. A fireworks event (also called a fireworks show or pyrotechnics) is a display of the effects produced by firework devices. Fireworks competitions are also regularly held at a number of places. Fireworks take many forms to produce the four primary effects: noise, light, smoke and floating materials (confetti for example). They may be designed to burn with flames and sparks of many colors, typically red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, and silver. Displays are common throughout the world and are the focal point of many cultural and religious celebrations. The earliest documentation of fireworks dates back to 7th century China, where they were invented. The fireworks were used to accompany many festivities. It is a part of the culture of China and had its origin there; eventually it spread to other cultures and societies.[2] Important events and festivities such as the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) and the Mid-Autumn Festival were and still are times when fireworks are guaranteed sights. China is the largest manufacturer and exporter of fireworks in the world. Fireworks are generally classified as to where they perform, either as a ground or aerial firework. In the latter case they may provide their own propulsion (skyrocket) or be shot into the air by a mortar (aerial shell). The most common feature of fireworks is a paper or pasteboard tube or casing filled with the combustible material, often pyrotechnic stars. A number of these tubes or cases are often combined so as to make, when kindled, a great variety of sparkling shapes, often variously colored. The skyrocket is a common form of firework, although the first skyrockets were used in war. Such rocket technology has also been used for the delivery of mail by rocket and is used as propulsion for most model rockets. The aerial shell is the backbone of today’s commercial aerial display. A smaller version for consumer use is known as the festival ball in the United States. Ground fireworks, although less popular than aerial ones, create a stunning exhibition. These types of fireworks can produce various shapes, such as simple rotating c Yuletide season is fast approaching and firecrackers are gradually being sold in the market. Yearly, injuries linked to fireworks are almost inevitable. To minimize the fireworks related casualties, the Department of Health-Center for Health Development XII held a Press Conference for the IWAS PAPUTOK campaign on November 27, 2012 at Sun City Suites, General Santos City. It was attended by people coming from the media, Department of Trade and Industry Scope and Delimitation of the Study The scope of this study focused on issues and problems about the banning of firecracker in our country. This research was limit and conducted only at the school campus to let the students be curious about this topic. The respondents of this study were the fourth year students from the different section and classes of the school. The instrument used in this study it’s the survey questions distributed, wherein Co students with different status in life are asked to answer certain questions which about the community problem facing every year. This study also hopes to waken up the students from different problems surrounding them. I hope that it can answer every question of the students of MPNAG who are very curious about it. Related Literature and Study Firecracker ban Manila, Philippines – IT has already become boring how year after year we have been harping about the fires, deaths and injuries caused by illegal explosions of poorly manufactured firecrackers. And how all of these can be avoided if authorities had been stricter in enforcing the law on firecrackers. Senator Panfilo Lacson was correct when he said: â€Å"First, the regulatory power of government with regard to pyrotechnics, if at all, is not clear or at least not effectively disseminated to the public. Second, threats and warnings are taken for granted simply because enforcement as a follow-through is lacking if not absent. The firecracker ban, effective since 1966, has been observed more on the breach. Welcoming the New Year with a big bang is too ingrained a tradition to change. In fact, a quiet New Year’s Eve is unthinkable. I doubt if the Department of Health’s call for Congress to legislate a full ban will fly. Nevertheless, I agree with Senator Gringo Honasan, chair of the Senate committee on public order and dangerous drugs, when he stated recently that his committee will soon hold a public hearing to review existing measures or ordinances on firecrackers and pyrotechnics and determine if there is a need to pass a new law that will regulate their use during New Year’s Day celebrations. On the other hand, the recommendation of DirectorGeneral Alan Purisima, the new Philippine National Police Chief, on the issue is bold and worthy of consideration. He wants powerful firecrackers to be classified as bombs or improvised explosive devices (IED). Individual fireworks containing not more than 0.2 grams of gunpowder or explosive material are allowed by law. More than that may be classified as IEDs or bombs. The Purisima suggestion will in effect tag the manufacturer or possessor of any powerful explosive as a â€Å"terroristâ€Å" and will be jailed without benefit of bail. Crackdown vs. illegal firecrackers launched Philippines – Director General Alan Purisima, chief of the Philippine National Police (PNP), ordered yesterday all police commanders nationwide to raid factories of illegally-manufactured firecrackers and likewise confiscates those being sold in the streets. In effect, Pursima said he is turning the PNP as the teeth of the Department of Health which has been aggressively pushing to lessen the number of firecracker-related injuries during the traditional New Year’s revelry. â€Å"We are very concerned of the use of firecrackers and other pyrotechnic materials and that is why we are joining forces with the Department of Health in reducing firecracker-related injuries,† said Purisima in a press briefing at Camp Crame in Quezon City. â€Å"While the DOH will take the task of massive information drive, we in the PNP will focus on the enforcement of laws that will help in reducing to the lowest level the casualty figure,† he added. Last year, a total of 378 persons were injured while two people were killed based on firecracker-related incidents based on the data of the PNP. Yesterday, the PNP Chief led the inspection of factories and stalls in Bulacan, which is considered as the Mecca of firecrackers and pyrotechnic materi als in the country. (Aaron B. Recuenco) Firecracker-related injuries lower: DOH By GENALYN D. KABILING MADEL SABATER-NAMIT Manila, Philippines – Despite the lower number of firecracker-related injuries brought about by the aggressive information campaign by the Department of Health, Malacaà ±ang is not about to support a total ban on firecrackers in the country. â€Å"Whether or not legislation will be proposed will be dependent on the assessment of the situation and preparations by the concerned agencies for this year,â€Å" Deputy Presidential Spokeswoman Abigail Valte said. At least 412 revelers were injured across the country, down by 17 percent compared to the same period last year, according to the DoH. Valte also noted that police have arrested 215 persons in connection with the sale and distribution of illegal firecrackers in Metro Manila. Also closed down were 67 stalls and 35 ambulant vendors of banned firecrackers, Valte said. Aquino earlier sought for stiffer penalties against manufacturers and users of prohibited firecrackers particularly those that damage public property. Authorities were also asked to strictly inspect stores selling firecrackers to make sure they comply with their business permits. Meanwhile, Malacaà ±ang issued a stern warning against those who are guilty of indiscriminate firing in welcoming the New Year. There were at least 18 cases of indiscriminate firing reported by the DoH, according to Valte. Although the number is 56 percent lower compared to last year, Valte said the government will continue to step up efforts against those who are guilty of indiscriminate firing. Valte said there were nine civilians arrested by the Philippine National Police (PNP) in Metro Manila Monday night and are â€Å"currently under processâ€Å" as part of its efforts to discourage indiscriminate firing. Police personnel had their guns sealed before the Christmas holidays to ensure that no one among their ranks will indiscriminately fire their guns in welcoming the New Year. Elsewhere, a four-year-old boy was killed on New Year’s Eve after he was shot by a 40-year-old man in Mandaluyong City, a police official disclosed. Senior Supt. Armando Bolalin, chief of the Mandaluyong City Police Station, identiï ¬ ed the victim as Ranjelo Nimer, a resident of Block 26, Welfareville Compound, Barangay Addition Hills, Mandaluyong City. Bolalin, during an interview, disclosed that that victim was taken to the Mandaluyong City Medical Center at 9:10 p.m. Monday but was pronounced deadon-arrival by attending doctors at 9:40 p.m., after he sustained four bullet wounds to the head, at his lower left shoulder, and two in the left side of his body. In Malolos, Bulacan, a threeyear-old boy was rushed to a hospital after being hit by a stray bullet during the New Year’s celebration in the province. Liz Mungcal, head of the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Ofï ¬ ce (PDRRMO), in her report to Bulacan Governor Wilhelmino M. Sy-Alvarado, said the victim was a resident of Barangay Bagong Nayon, Baliwag. In Davao City, police director Senior Superintendent Ronald dela Rosa reported that not a single case of ï ¬ recracker-related injuries was recorded in the city. â€Å"We checked all the hospitals, health centers and even the smallest clinics in the entire Davao City and not even one person was admitted for firecracker injuries,â€Å" said dela Rosa. Davao City has long banned the use of dangerous firecrackers and pyrotechnic materials. Strict enforcement has also resulted in the arrest of 106 vendors and users. In Quezon City, some policemen were caught feasting on the seized firecrackers after presenting them the media to discourage their use for the New Year revelry. Director General Alan Purisima, chief of the Philippine National Police (PNP), ordered the QC Police District and the National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO) to submit the names of all the officers involved in taking the seized firecrackers. â€Å"This is embarrassing for the PNP. These officers have no discipline, they should face the consequences of their actions,â€Å" said Purisima. Purisima was reacting to a video footage captured by the ABS-CBN wherein a number of policemen started taking various firecrackers and pyrotechnic materials that were presented to the media. (With reports from Francis Wakefield, Aaron Recuenco and Freddie Velez) Government starts anti-firecracker campaign MANILA, Philippines — In is still a month before the New Year revelry to greet 2012, but the government has already started its anti-firecracker campaign to reduce firecracker-related injuries, largely caused by indiscriminate use of firecrackers and pyrotechnics. The campaign will be a collaborative efforts by various agencies of government. The Department of Health (DoH) launched Aksyon: Paputok Injury Reduction’’ (APIR) or â€Å"Give Me Five,’’ in which it would not ask people to stop using firecrackers or show images of injuries, but instead will show a hand with five fingers, representing DoH tips for the holidays – participate in community fireworks display, celebrate a safe family holiday, use alternative noise-makers, join merry-making activities, and reflect on lessons of past year to guide New Year. In support of the DoH, the Department of the Interior and Local Government will tap local government units (LGUs) to designate areas for fireworks display. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), reports that 17 Metro LGUs signed a resolution to set up a common fireworks area in every barangay. The Department of Trade and Industry will inspect firework manufacturers, and will ban harmful firecrackers such as piccolo, super lolo, pla pla, judas belt and og. The Bureau of Customs is preventing the influx and sale of illegally imported or smuggling firecracker products. Some P400,000 worth of confiscated firecrackers were destroyed at the Philippine Coast Guard-Cebu compound. Following tradition, many Filipinos will light up firecrackers to greet the New Year. The government, however, advise them to be cautious and seek prompt medical treatment for firecracker injuries. Prevention is still better than cure. Firecracker ban Manila, Philippines – The Muntinlupa City government has reminded residents that selling firecrackers is illegal in the city. The policy is based on the existing Executive Order 14 issued by Mayor Aldrin San Pedro last year, which strictly enforces the firecracker ban in Muntinlupa. San Pedro said the move aims to protect the public from the dangers of firecrackers, which can result to injuries and deaths. (Jonathan Hicap) ‘Iwas paputok’ Manila, Philippines – National Capital Region Police (NCRPO) Alan Purisima ordered yesterday Metro Manila district police chiefs to intensify their campaign against illegal firecrackers and improvised PVC cannons as part of the joint monitoring center campaign they share with the Department of Health (DOH) dubbed â€Å"Oplan Iwas Paputok† to lower firecracker-related injuries and deaths. The campaign also aims to check indiscriminate firing of guns. (Jean Fernando) Zero casualties: Firecracker ban works wonders in Davao and Olongapo (Updated 2:35 p.m. Dec. 28) – Did you just buy a jeepney’s worth of fireworks, noise makers, and pyrotechnics? Before you light up the fuse on one of those spanking new â€Å"Gangnam Bombs,† you may need to check your local city laws first. You may need to pay a hefty fine, or spend a night behind bars for the crime of being a firecracker bug. Take Olongapo City, for example, which has had a firecracker ban on its street s since 2008. The city is prepared to slap a P5,000 fine and imprisonment on violators, and keep its clean record of zero reported injuries caused by fireworks. Olongapo’s city public affairs chief Mike Pusing told GMA News Online that people in their community are very much aware of the prohibition. As the Department of Health on Wednesday floated the idea for a nationwide fireworks ban, given the rising number of firework injuries, local government units with firecracker bans have been relentless with their policies to greet the coming year without the usual explosive fanfare, or the missing digits and limbs that usually come with the explosions. Olongapo isn’t the first city to have this ban, however. They only followed the lead of Davao City, whose local council was the first to pass an ordinance against firecrackers back in 2002. Davao City’s health officer, Josephine Villafuerte, told GMA News Online that the local government has already reminded residents about the ban on firecrackers even before Christmas. As a result of the innovative restriction, the city has greeted each of the past three New Year’s celebrations without any fireworks-related injuries. Villafuerte pointed out that her city strictly implements the firecracker ban, noting the arrest of at least 32 people this past Christmas Eve for violating the ordinance. â€Å"Sanayan lang,† said Villafuerte on the absence of firecrackers in the New Year revelry, adding that people can still be happy and noisy even without fireworks. Meanwhile, Muntinlupa City followed suit and passed an ordinance banning firecrackers in 2010. Public Order and Safety Office staff Manny Surel said that city officials and the police previously met to discuss the firecracker ban, but declined to say more. The municipality of Pateros said in place of the prohibition of the sale, distribution and storage of firecrackers in the town, it heavily promotes alternative ways of greeting the new year with the use of toy horns and banging on pots an d pans. We observe Oplan Iwas Paputok Manila, Philippines – The Department of Health (DOH) launched its annual OPLAN IWAS PAPUTOK early this month. This year’s campaign focuses on children aged 6 to 10 years old. Statistics reveal that in 2011, the firecracker mishap belonged to this age group. DOH Secretary Dr. Enrique T. Ona has been visiting schools to advise children not to use or play with any firecracker/fireworks or pick any used firecracker in order to avoid injuries. In the event of fireworks-related injuries, bring the victim to the nearest health care facility so that immediate medical treatment can be administered to prevent tetanus, he says. The Philippine National Police (PNP) has been conducting fireworks training seminars for both producers and users of firecrackers. The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) has launched â€Å"Oplan Paalala† to advise the public to strictly observe safety measures to prevent fires in their households. All these measures, however, can be effective only with the cooperation of the general public, especially parents and caregivers. Let us resolve to have a better and safer 2013 by making an effort to prevent danger from firecracker/fireworks. We can promote community fireworks displays handled by experts and located in safe areas, use alternative noise-makers like car horns, cans, pots and pans, radio music, etc. to welcome the new year, or join street parties, concerts, and games. We congratulate the Department of Health led by Hon. Secretary Dr. Enrique T. Ona, the Philippine National Police led by Chief Director General Alan LM Purisima and their Officers and Staff, and wish them all the best and success in all their endeavors. CONGRATULATIONS AND Mabuhay. DOH mulls total firecracker ban Health authorities are planning to push fpr a total ban on firecrackers nationwide. This, after the Dept. of Health had noted the increasing number of firecracker-related injuries in the run up to every New Year revelry. Health Secretary Enrique Ona told newsmen in an interview Thursday he and the DOH team are analyzing the trend in injuries prior to New Year’s eve. He said if the same number of firecracker-related injuries is established, a radical change will be observed. â€Å"We analyze how effective these [measures to prevent firecracker-related injuries] are and if the case is always the same, maybe it’s time we did something more drastic,† Ona said. According to Ona, despite having the objective to raise a ban on firecrackers, especially illegal ones, much consideration must be taken as this ban would also affect manufacturers, sellers and the country’s culture. â€Å"[We should] see how other countries do it [measures] and see the effect of firecracker ban in places in the Philippines like Davao City and Subic that have [already] done a total ban,† Ona said. As of Wednesday, there had been 72 victims of firecracker-related injuries, about 40 % of whom were children below age 10. He did not disclose comparative figures from last year’s pre-New year celebration. Ona said about half of the victims were onlookers. He added: â€Å"It is a time for celebration, a time to be happy, a time to be with friends, family and loved ones. â€Å"It is not the time to be crying, especially if the injuries obtained by these firecracker victims are severe.† Ona also remind the public that the New Year should not only be a happy one but also a safe. Firecracker ban The use of firecrackers, although a traditional part of celebration, has over the years led to many injuries. There have been incidents every year of users being blinded, losing body parts, or suffering other injuries, especially during festivities that customarily involve firecrackers such as Chinese New Year season. Hence, many governments and authoritarians have enacted laws completely banning the sale or use of firecrackers, or banning the use of firecrackers in the street, primarily because of safety issues. * Australia – Australia, with the exception of its capital territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory, does not permit the use of fireworks, except by a licensed pyrotechnician. These rules also require a permit from local government, as well as any relevant local bodies such as maritime or aviation authorities (as relevant to the types of fireworks being used) and hospitals, schools, et cetera, within a certain range. * Canada – Firecrackers are not authorized under the Explosives Act, thus making importation, possession, transportation, storage or manufacturing illegal in Canada. [2] Canada banned firecrackers on September 27, 1972 after it came out in the media that two children were killed and three others severely burned when some older children were playing with firecrackers outside their tent. False rumours have been spread that the children inside the tent had actually been smoking and, not wanting to tell their parents, had told them they had been playing with firecrackers.[3] This report is incorrect. One of the surviving burn victims has researched and documented the events of that night and has included some of these details in his autobiography.[4] Fireworks, however are still legal to buy for anyone 18 years of age or over. * Mainland China – As of 2008, most urban areas in mainland China permit firecrackers. In the first three days of the traditional New Year, it is a tradition that people compete with each other by playing with firecrackers. However, many urban areas banned them in the 1990s. For example, they were banned in Beijing’s urban districts from 1993 to 2005.[5] In 2004, 37 people were killed in a stampede when four million[6] people gathered for a rumored Lantern Festival firework display in nearby Miyun.[7] Since the ban was lifted, the firecracker barrage has been tremendous. An unusual[clarification needed] feature is that many residents in major cities look down on street-level fireworks from their tower blocks. Bans are rare in rural areas. * Hong Kong – Fireworks are banned for security reasons – some speculate a connection between firework use and the 1967 Leftist Riot. However, the government would stage a fireworks display in Victoria Harbour on the second day of the Chinese New Year. Similar displays are also held in many other cities in and outside China. * Indonesia – Firecrackers and fireworks are forbidden in public during the Chinese New Year, especially in areas with significant non-Chinese population to avoid conflic t between the two. However, there were some exceptions. The usage of firecrackers is legal in some metropolitan areas such as Jakarta and Medan, where the degree of racial and cultural tolerance is higher. * Italy – Firecrackers are legal and can be bought without a licence. * Malaysia – firecrackers are banned for similar reasons as in Singapore. However, many Malaysians smuggle them from Thailand. * Norway – The government of Norway decided to ban rockets shortly after 2009 started. Other types of fireworks are still allowed. * Philippines – Fireworks and firecrackers are widely available throughout the Philippines, but are banned in Olongapo City (since 2008)[8] and Davao City (since 2001). * Republic of Ireland – Fireworks and firecrackers are not permitted in the Republic of Ireland however many people smuggle them from Northern Ireland where they are legal. They are most common around Halloween. * Singapore – a partial ban on firecrackers was imposed in March 1970 after a fire killed six people and injured 68.[9] This was extended to a total ban in August 1972, after an explosion that killed two people[10] and an attack on two police officers attempting to stop a group from letting off firecrackers in February 1972.[11] However, in 2003, the government allowed firecrackers to be set off during the festive season. At the Chinese New Year light-up in Chinatown, at the stroke of midnight on the first day of the Lunar New Year, firecrackers are set off under controlled conditions by the Singapore Tourism Board. Other occasions where firecrackers are allowed to be set off are determined by the tourism board or other government organizations. However, their sale is not allowed. * Sweden – Only rocket type fireworks are allowed in Sweden. The ban of fire crackers was done by the EU Parliament and Swedish government 1 December 2001 * Taiwan – Beginning 2008, firecrackers are banned in urban areas, but still allowed in rural areas. * United Kingdom – In 1997, firecrackers became illegal but most other consumer fireworks are legal.[12] * United States – In 2007, New York City lifted its decade-old ban on firecrackers, allowing a display of 300,000 firecrackers to be set off in Chinatown’s Chatham Square.[13] Under the supervision of the fire and police departments, Los Angeles regularly lights firecrackers every New Year’s Eve, mostly at temples and the shrines of benevolent associations. The San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade, the largest outside China, is accompanied by numerous firecrackers, both officially sanctioned and illicit. CHAPTER 2 Method of Study The instrument I used for my research is the survey questions and some interviews about my topic.   This topic is interesting for every student and according to them 74 out of 100 students their impression in using firecracker is Dangerous because it can cause damage to our body and health. All of the students was aware to the negative effects of firecracker, and 96 out 100 students agree to the government that firecracker should be banned. About 74 out of 100 students are not using firecracker anymore, because they have an alternative for it. The â€Å"Torotot† a flute that makes avery loud sound and it is more affordable, toxic free than firecracker. Treatment of Data This study can help the government to know what are the impressions of the students about banning of firecracker in our country.   In fact, firecrackers can lead to significant casualties if people don’t use it appropriately. In recent years, firecrackers are banned in some states in America. There are a total of 11 states that ban all types of firecrackers while some states only allow few types of firecrackers. Most leniently states such as Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida still allow all types of firecrackers ( Essoyan; Los Angeles Time ). The administration of some states has refused to allow the setting off of firecrackers during Chinese New Year celebration because these state governments believe that these explosives are too dangerous. That’s why our government was alarm about this news CHAPTER 3 Presentation and interpretation of Data This graph tells that the impression of many of the students is Dangerous. But almost of the students are using up firecracker. This was taken up about last-last year survey about the banning of firecracker in big cities. CHAPTER 4 Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation The main thrust of the study was to inform the students and to be curious about the problems facing our community. Specifically, the study answered questions to make the students be not innocent about this problem this can help the community be aware of it. FINDINGS 1. Level of Students who are using firecracker Majority (81.9333) of the students got the highest rating scale of 80-89 which was rated Very High. Only the rating scale of 50-59 (far below from the passing percentage) are not using firecracker. 2. Students aware to the bad effects of firecracker Almost all of the students have the rating scale of 90 and above, who are aware of its harmful effects. 3. Impression of the students toward using firecracker Based on the survey that all of our respondent’s impression toward it is very dangerous because it can affect our body to have illness, having a accidents. The causes for these accidents is misbehavior in using fireworks, it can cause damage to infrastructure. CONCLUSION For being a student I conclude that firecrackers should be banned in the Philippines including Fireworks, this was proven according to the Government of Davao and Olongapo. Because they already done this thing and observe a peaceful New year. RECOMMENDATION For my viewpoint of this problem, I think that we should start using up firecrackers to lessen more pollutant in the air and even accidents we can prevent of this two. Firecrackers is one of the most significant problem of our country and even our planet are debating oneself to banned this problem and I think that our government start to work up and make a wise decision. For the students I want to advice them that they should participate in every problem who are facing this country. I supposed that if firecracker has been banned the earth can leave longer and even the young people we might help in the next generation. Bibliography â€Å"Fire Crackers† StudyMode.com. 10 1999. 10 1999 . http://www.tempo.com.ph/2013/01/firecracker-ban-2/#.UQfLkmedqxM http://www.tempo.com.ph/2012/12/crackdown-vs-illegal-firecrackers-launched/#.UQfMFmedqxM http://www.tempo.com.ph/2013/01/firecracker-related-injuries-lower-doh/#.UQfMiGedqxM hthttp://www.tempo.com.ph/2011/12/firecracker-ban/#.UQfMqGedqxM http://www.tempo.com.ph/2011/12/government-starts-anti-firecracker-campaign/#.UQfMs2edqxM http://www.tempo.com.ph/2011/12/iwas-paputok/#.UQfNKWedqxM http://www.tempo.com.ph/2012/12/we-observe-oplan-iwas-paputok/#.UQfN4GedqxM

Thursday, November 7, 2019

The Social Economic Implications of a Gasoline Crisis

The Social Economic Implications of a Gasoline Crisis Free Online Research Papers Background Gasoline has been around for ages and is the driving force for much of the world. Gasoline is a mixture of hydrocarbons, although some contain significant quantities of ethanol. In its early days, gasoline was used as a cleaning agent and also as a treatment for lice. Gas became really important once the world started to get into the automobile and aviation period. Some of the first uses of gasoline in automobiles originated during the wars of the early 1900’s and is used everywhere in today’s age. Purpose The purpose of this report is to talk about the economic and social problems that are arising from the recent spike in gasoline prices. Also, it discusses what people can do to help fight against the continual rise in the cost of fuel. Methodology The internet is a tremendous source to use to gather information on a topic, and it proved extremely helpful in obtaining ideas on the problem being discussed in this report. The New York Times online, Wikipedia, Fox News online, and other databases were used to find out valuable information on the topic at hand. Significance Since gasoline is the driving force of the world, it is extremely important to keep and maintain the price of fuel at a reasonable level so that people can afford to drive their automobiles. II. Rising Gasoline Prices The number one reason for the sudden spike in gasoline prices can be easily contributed to the supply and demand curve. The demand for gasoline is up more than ever now, while the supply from the major companies in OPEC is not. According to some sources, the non OPEC countries’ supply of crude oil is dwindling, which is bad for the prices because they are not producing very much oil. This leads to a near monopoly in the oil production factor. Cheap oil, which runs around $60/barrel, may be gone. This summer the average price of a barrel of oil was around $120/barrel. This is a giant leap, a 200% increase, but it really isn’t as bad as it seems. A $120 barrel of oil is still a smaller fraction of the GDP than it was in the 1980’s. Even though many think that this price will shut down the entire world with their energy usage, they are in essence wrong. A major problem with the continual rise in fuel prices is its effect on the average American. The rising cost is putting a drain on a family’s money that could be used for entertainment. Most families live in more rural areas in the suburbs and have to drive a significant distance to travel to work. These long drives put a large drain on their gas tanks. This causes them to spend twice as much as it used to just to travel to work. This may not be as big of a problem as it seems, but these same parents are not getting a raise from work to make up for this deficit. They are not able to do they things as a family that they used to. Another factor that arises from the higher gas prices is the larger cost for the farmers to harvest their crops. A lot of people would not even think about this. They don’t look to the farmers as the producer of all of the items at the grocery store. The cost of fuel is a major factor in how much profit the farmer will make off of the crops that he or she raises. The farmer spends so much money to run their tractors, combines, semis, and trucks. A farmer that was recently interviewed stated that it was going to cost him over $20,000 more this fall to harvest his crops than it did the year before. The higher cost to harvest the crops leads to a direct impact on the cost of the products at the store. Companies have to pay more now to get the same amount of produce that they received originally. Not only does the produce cost more, but the cost of transporting theses goods is rising too. This leads to a direct price hike on the goods at the store. People wonder why they are paying more to go to the grocery than before and don’t understand it. They don’t see that the rise in fuel prices is accountable for a majority of the price increase. This leads to even more spending on families to provide the same food for them to eat. People are spending more money and not getting any more out of it. Not only do the rising gas prices put a damper on families, but it also hurts all transportation in general. Schools also have to spend more money just to drive their buses to pick up students from home, drive to athletic events, and also academic events. High gas prices hurt public transportation as well. They have to spend more to fill up their tanks just like everyone else. For them to keep making their same profits they have to raise the price of fares for citizens to travel with them. A person just can not expect to get the same services as before for the same price when the companies have to pay higher prices for fuel. If they were to do this, they would lose a significant amount of money. This in effect can lead them to going bankrupt after an extended amount of time. The same thing can be said about the airline industry and also tourist attractions. Their costs to operate continue to grow leading them to charge more for a plane ticket to help cover the costs. This then leads to people wanting to not travel as much, which in effect makes those companies lose the revenue that they are used to getting. With the loss of people traveling, the companies have to lay off more people all of the time to try and keep their profits up. II. Lowering Gas Prices There is some hope in sight for everyone. In the couple of months leading up to the election the gas prices have fallen significantly. This is a great relief to many people around the world. Lowering gas prices is a savior to many people. This will ultimately lead to folks having more money in their wallets. In the world today, this is a great thing with the credit crisis going on. So many homes have been foreclosed on due to financial means. This probably isn’t a solution to the problem, but it is a great start. Having more money will allow people to pay off these bills instead of not paying anything at all. The biggest help would be to lower income families and to small family-owned farms. These groups are the people just barely getting by as it is. With the increase in the gas prices it was putting an even larger strain on their already low incomes. Now they are taking a sigh of relief, at least for now. This lower fuel costs will possibly keep them afloat long enough until the government can get the prices under control. III. Who Is At Risk The bad thing about this dilemma is that it affects almost everyone in the world who uses an automobile for anything. Even if you do not use a car or truck for anything it will affect you in same way or another. Any person who drives a car is affected by the soaring gas prices. Whether you drive a long distance or just to the library. It is costing more and more to drive a vehicle. It is affecting many students here at Morehead State University too. Since this campus is like a suitcase college, students packing up and leaving every weekend to go home, it is putting a pinch on their pocketbooks as well. This in effect can actually be better for the campus and surrounding restaurants. With more kids staying around, it leads to them having more business on the weekends. Students will more than likely go out to these companies rather than sitting in their dorms all weekend. The rising gas prices can actually have a good effect on larger cities and metropolitan areas. If less people are out there driving, it will reduce traffic. This is a good thing resulting from the dilemma. With less traffic there is going to be a better chance of having fewer wrecks. Another benefit to less cars being on the road is pollution. There will be less exhaust fumes going up into the atmosphere. This is a great thing for the environment. IV. Conclusion The rising cost of gasoline is a major concern for the US and the World. Recent hikes in the cost of crude oil are having a tremendous impact on everyone. The group that is most vulnerable according to some is the farming industry. Everything that a farmer does with his farm has some use of gasoline involved, whether it is filling up their family cars or to filling their tractors and combines with diesel fuel. Diesel fuel costs around one dollar more per gallon than regular gasoline. People don’t think about all of the factors in the farm that involves gas and diesel fuel. If they are paying more to harvest their crop, then they will have to get more in return on their crops. This leads to a trickle effect onto all of the goods one will buy at the grocery store. As long as the prices stay high then it will be harder and harder for people to live in their comfortable bubble that they are used to living in. Gas prices do not affect only a small portion of society; it affects all. V. Recommendation The hike in gasoline prices has made many think of ways to reduce the impact of the problem. Here is a list of things that are currently happening to help fight the fuel price dilemma. 1. Hybrid cars are being produced and sold now more than ever before. A hybrid car is a basic car that has two different engines. It has the normal gasoline engine and also an electric motor. The hybrid car will run off of the electric motor as long as it is charged. Once the battery runs out it automatically switches over to the gas engine. A good thing about this is that once the gas engine takes over, it begins to charge the electric motor back to running capacity. A bad side to the hybrid car is that it costs significantly more than the average gas powered car, nearly double the price in some instances. It is not the best solution to the problem, but it is a start. 2. Another solution to the rising gas prices is more fuel efficient cars. Most of the big auto makers offer a car that can get 35-40 mpg. The problem with this is that most of these cars are a lot smaller and do not have the large capacity that the SUV owners are accustomed to. 3. A third solution is bio fuels. These are a whole different type of fuel. These include bio-diesel, hydrogen, and vegetable oil. A good thing about these fuels is that they are cheaper to run and also help the environment. They burn much cleaner than a normal gas powered car or truck. BIBLIOGRAPHY Alternative Fuel. Wikipedia. 16 Dec. 2006. 18 Nov. 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel Ashton, Peter K. (2007). The method behind endless gasoline price spikes. Nieman Watchdog. niemanwatchdog.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=background.viewbackgroundid=187 Dunn, Phillip. Hybrid CarsPros and Cons. Physorg. 19 Jan. 2006. 16 Nov. 2008 physorg.com/news10031.html. Krauss, Clifford. (2008). Rural US Takes Worse Hit as Gas Tops $4 Average. The New York Times Online. nytimes.com/2008/06/09/business/09gas.html?_r=1scp=15sq=gasoline%20crisisst=nyt Lawinski, Jennifer. OPEC Cuts Oil Production in Move to Boost Prices. FoxNews. 24 Oct. 2008. 15 Nov. 2008 . McKay, Steve. High Fuel Prices Effects on Farming. Telephone interview. 10 Oct. 2008. Why Are Gas Prices So High ? ZFacts. 3 Dec. 2007. 15 Nov. 2008

Monday, November 4, 2019

Nosocmial Infection Related to Having Surgery In A Hospital Research Paper

Nosocmial Infection Related to Having Surgery In A Hospital - Research Paper Example This is based on the route, duration and time of administration of the antibiotic after susceptibility test and clinical responses. NOSOCOMIAL OR HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS Care to patients is provided in wide range of facilities ranging from highly equipped clinics to advanced public universities. Despite progress and advancement in hospital care, infections continue to prevail in hospitalized patients and even in hospital staff. Decreased immunity among the patients, variety of invasive techniques creates a kind potential route for the infections to incubate and grow in the ideal atmosphere. Poor controls for the spread of infection can also be the key factor for the stretch of infections among crowded hospital populations. Nosocomial or Hospital acquired infections can be defined as: Nosocomial or hospital acquired infections are defined as the infections acquired by patients during their stay at the hospital, who are admitted for a reason other than that infection and the infec tion causing agent was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This also includes those infections occurring in staff members or patients who are recently discharged from the hospitals. (Pittet ,2011) EPIDIMILOGY Nosocomial infections occur in both developed and third world countries and it is the major cause of death among hospital patients. A survey conducted by WHO in 55 hospitals of 14 countries including Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, South East Asia and Western pacific. The result shows an average of 8.7% patients suffer from Hospital Acquired Infections every year. The burden of HAI is already substantial in developing countries where Nosocomial infections hit every 5 to 155 patients in regular wards and 50% patients in ICU (Vincent, Rello , Marshall, Silva, Anzueto, Martin,2009). The magnitude of the problem remains ignored or unknown because diagnosis is complex and suirvillience activities requires expertise and resources to guide interventions.(Allegranzi& pit tet,2008) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Nosocomial infections can be acquired from both exogenous and endogenous sources. Endogenous sources are part of patient’s body or body sites, such as infections growing or incubating inside the body. Exogenous sources are those outside from the body. Examples include visitors, medical personnel, equipment and healthcare environment. HAI’s may be caused by patient’s own flora, the organisms harmlessly entangled with patients own body such as skin (S.Aureus) or intestine (E. coli). The infections targeting ICU patients or patients with weak immune system are those which are the victims of environment filled with the micro-organisms. These organisms usually cause lung infections. Infections may be transferred from one to another person such as Antibiotic resistant micro-organisms are likely to come from the person already infected or colonized from the organism, via the hands of health care worker or through the environment where the pat ient is being cared for. C.difficile is the causative agent for diarrhea and can be carried in the intestine of the patient or can be acquired from other patient already infected because C. Difficile produces spores which make it easier for their spread and also make it resistant to unfavorable conditions. The agents causing HAI are mostly viruses, bacteria’

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Foreigners Changing China 1850-1980 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Foreigners Changing China 1850-1980 - Essay Example 345). Tensions over opium eventually resulted in the Opium Wars against the British. Registered addicts were licensed by the government to get decreasing amounts of the drug, and many users were punished and shops closed. By the time of the second Opium War, however, it became clear that the real text of the war was not opium smoking, but imperialism. Unfortunately, by the end of the second Opium War, China found itself defeated, forced into unfavorable trade policies, and still vulnerable as a population to opium addiction. the unbalanced system. The British were struggling to set up an imperialist structure in China by all means necessary during the 1800s. By the time of the â€Å"Arrow Incident† that started the second Opium War, the extension of the war was generally seen as an extension of British imperialism through Bowring in Hong Kong. â€Å"The British wanted the whole country opened up so that China could be incorporated into their "informal Empire," brought under indirect British rule like South America, rather than direct rule like India. The Chinese government was expected to govern the country in the interests of the British and their refusal to do this was bound to provoke renewed war† (China, 2010). In other words, China was punished with war for not accepting the unfair European imperialist system, until it relented and accepted treaty terms which were not favorable to its own interests. Some scholars argue the imperialism is a national construction in which politics do not generally emphasize a person’s color or nationality over their position in the economy, with which politics is primarily concerned, and it is clear to them that an imperialist political structure like the British one of the 1850s, with its aims focused exclusively on the capital to be extracted from China, is not as interested, and neither are insurgents who seek liberation from the oppressive imperial